Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasingly recognized as a major comorbidity in patients with cirrhosis. The growing global burden of metabolic syndrome, obesity, and diabetes has contributed to a rising prevalence of both liver and kidney disease.
Introduction:
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasingly recognized as a major comorbidity in patients with cirrhosis. The growing global burden of metabolic syndrome, obesity, and diabetes has contributed to a rising prevalence of both liver and kidney disease. In patients with cirrhosis, impaired renal function can complicate management, increase susceptibility to acute kidney injury (AKI), and adversely affect survival. However, data describing the global burden and clinical impact of CKD in cirrhosis have been limited.
Problem Statement:
Although CKD is known to influence outcomes in advanced liver disease, its prevalence across different regions of the world and its contribution to complications and mortality in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis remain incompletely understood. Identifying the burden of CKD and its clinical consequences is essential for improving risk stratification and patient management.
Summary:
This large international study from the Chronic Liver Disease Evolution and Registry for Events and Decompensation consortium evaluated more than 7,000 hospitalized patients with cirrhosis across 127 centers worldwide. The investigators found that nearly one in five patients had underlying CKD, highlighting the substantial global burden of renal dysfunction in cirrhosis. The prevalence was highest in high-income countries, reflecting the greater burden of metabolic syndrome and related risk factors in these regions. Patients with CKD presented with more advanced and complicated liver disease, including a higher frequency of ascites and other manifestations of decompensation. Importantly, they were significantly more likely to develop AKI during hospitalization, emphasizing the vulnerability of this population to further renal deterioration. CKD was also associated with substantially worse short-term outcomes, including increased in-hospital and post-discharge mortality. These findings establish CKD as a major determinant of prognosis in cirrhosis and reinforce the need for early identification and proactive management of renal dysfunction. Optimizing ascites control, addressing metabolic risk factors, and implementing strategies to prevent kidney injury may play a critical role in improving outcomes for patients with cirrhosis worldwide.
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