Introduction: Aging is a complex biological process that affects multiple organs and progressively increases vulnerability to chronic diseases. Among these organs, the liver occupies a central role in maintaining systemic homeostasis through regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, nutrient storage, protein synthesis, immune surveillance, and detoxification.
Introduction:
Aging is a complex biological process that affects multiple organs and progressively increases vulnerability to chronic diseases. Among these organs, the liver occupies a central role in maintaining systemic homeostasis through regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, nutrient storage, protein synthesis, immune surveillance, and detoxification. Increasing evidence suggests that age-related changes in hepatic function extend beyond the liver itself and may influence the aging trajectory of the entire organism.
Problem Statement:
While longevity research has traditionally focused on pathways within the nervous, cardiovascular, and musculoskeletal systems, the liver has received comparatively less attention as a therapeutic target for healthy aging. Understanding how liver aging contributes to systemic decline and age-related diseases may reveal novel interventions capable of improving lifespan and healthspan.
Summary:
This review highlights the liver as a critical regulator of systemic aging and explores how liver-targeted interventions may promote longevity. The authors describe how aging progressively impairs hepatic metabolic flexibility, detoxification capacity, regenerative potential, and immune regulation. These changes increase susceptibility to metabolic dysfunction, chronic inflammation, and tissue injury, which can subsequently influence the function of distant organs through complex interorgan communication networks. The review synthesizes emerging evidence showing that modulation of key hepatic pathways involved in nutrient sensing, mitochondrial function, cellular senescence, oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolic regulation may slow biological aging. Importantly, many established longevity interventions—including caloric restriction, exercise, and pharmacologic approaches targeting metabolic pathways—appear to exert part of their beneficial effects through actions on the liver. The authors propose that preserving liver health may represent an effective strategy for reducing the burden of age-related diseases, including metabolic disorders, cardiovascular disease, neurodegeneration, and cancer. Beyond its traditional role as a metabolic organ, the liver is increasingly recognized as a central coordinator of whole-body aging processes. This review provides a compelling framework supporting liver-directed therapies as a promising avenue for extending healthspan and promoting healthy aging, while highlighting the need for further translational research to identify clinically applicable liver-targeted longevity interventions.
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