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Hepatitis

Clinical knowledge base written and curated by GastroAGI Team from primary medical literatureLast updated August 1, 2026

Overview

Evidence-based insights. Better liver health

01

Liver Biopsy Reveals Distinct Patterns of Checkpoint Inhibitor–Related Liver Injury: Hepatology Communications | August 2026

Introduction: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can cause immune-mediated liver injury, ranging from hepatocellular hepatitis to cholestatic or mixed patterns. Although liver biopsy may clarify the diagnosis and severity, its optimal timing and clinical value remain...

02

Up to One in Four Patients With PBC May Already Have Cirrhosis at Diagnosis: Advance GastroHep | August 2026

Introduction: Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a progressive cholestatic liver disease in which early diagnosis and treatment can prevent progression to cirrhosis. However, many patients remain asymptomatic and undiagnosed for years. This large U.S. Veterans...

03

Pruritus in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: Hepatology | August 2026

Introduction: Pruritus is one of the most troublesome symptoms experienced by patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), yet its natural history has been poorly understood. As disease-modifying therapies remain unavailable, improving symptom control has become...

04

Iptacopan Preserves Kidney Function in IgA Nephropathy: NEJM | August 2026

Introduction: IgA nephropathy is a progressive immune-mediated kidney disease in which alternative complement pathway activation contributes to glomerular inflammation and renal injury. Iptacopan is an oral selective complement factor B inhibitor that targets this pathway....

05

A Steroid-Sparing Breakthrough(Obexelimab) for IgG4-Related Disease: NEJM | June 2026

Introduction: IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a chronic fibroinflammatory disorder that can affect virtually any organ. Although glucocorticoids remain the mainstay of treatment, relapse is common after tapering, and long-term steroid toxicity remains a major concern....

06

HBV Reactivation During Immunosuppressive Therapy: Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics | July 2026

Introduction: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation remains a potentially serious complication of immunosuppressive and anticancer therapies. While current guidelines classify patients into high-, moderate-, and low-risk categories, this editorial discusses new real-world evidence suggesting that...

07

Advancing Liver Health in a Shifting Global Landscape: Nat Re Gastro & Hepatol | July 2026

Introduction: Liver disease is entering a new era. While steatotic liver disease (SLD) is rapidly becoming one of the world's leading non-communicable diseases, progress toward viral hepatitis elimination has slowed. This editorial highlights the urgent...

08

ML Predicts Response to TPE in Pediatric ALF: JCEH | July 2026

Introduction: Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is increasingly used in pediatric acute liver failure (ALF), but it artificially lowers bilirubin and INR, making it difficult to determine whether a child is truly improving or requires urgent...

09

Alcohol Intake and Health Study: J of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs | July 2026

Introduction: For decades, low-to-moderate alcohol consumption has been considered by some to offer potential cardiovascular benefits. This comprehensive U.S. modeling study re-evaluated the lifetime health impact of alcohol consumption using contemporary cause-specific data on alcohol-related...

10

Genetic Testing in Adult Cholestatic Liver Disease: Gut | June 2026

Introduction: Advances in genetic sequencing have transformed the understanding of cholestatic liver diseases. Conditions once considered exclusive to children are now recognized in adolescents and adults, with genetic variants increasingly explaining unexplained cholestasis, recurrent pruritus,...

11

Genetic Testing in Adult Cholestatic Liver Disease: Gut | July 2026

Introduction: Advances in genetic sequencing have transformed the understanding of cholestatic liver diseases. Conditions once considered exclusive to children are now recognized in adolescents and adults, with genetic variants increasingly explaining unexplained cholestasis, recurrent pruritus,...

12

ELF and Liver Disease: Gut | May 2026

Introduction: Early detection of advanced fibrosis in steatotic liver disease remains a major clinical challenge, particularly in individuals with type 2 diabetes and hazardous alcohol use. This real-world UK study evaluated the role of the...

13

The Liver as a Target for Healthy Aging : Ageing Res Rev | June 2026

Introduction: Aging is a complex biological process that affects multiple organs and progressively increases vulnerability to chronic diseases. Among these organs, the liver occupies a central role in maintaining systemic homeostasis through regulation of glucose...

14

Bezafibrate Shows Meaningful Long-Term Benefit in PBC : J Hepatol | June 2026

Introduction: Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) remains the first-line treatment for primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), yet a substantial proportion of patients fail to achieve complete biochemical response. Persistent elevation of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) after UDCA therapy is...

15

MELD Exceptions in PSC Under Scrutiny : Liver Transpl | June 2026

Introduction: Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic cholestatic liver disease that frequently progresses to liver failure, recurrent bacterial cholangitis, and the need for liver transplantation. Because the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score...

16

Precision HBV Care Moves Toward Functional Cure : Frontline Gastroenterology | May 2026

Introduction Chronic Hepatitis B remains a leading global cause of cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma despite the availability of potent antiviral therapy. However, management strategies are rapidly evolving from simple viral suppression toward precision, biomarker-driven care...

17

PLEX Shows Limited Overall Benefit in HAV-ALF : Indian J Gastroenterol | May 2026

Introduction Acute Liver Failure caused by Hepatitis A remains an important cause of mortality in young adults in developing countries. Although Therapeutic Plasma Exchange has shown benefit in acute liver failure overall, disease-specific evidence in...

18

Bepirovirsen Achieves Functional Cure in Chronic Hepatitis B: NEJM | May 2026

Bepirovirsen is an antisense oligonucleotide that targets HBV transcripts, aiming to reduce viral proteins and achieve a functional cure rather than lifelong viral suppression. In two large Phase 3 trials (B-Well 1 and B-Well 2),...

19

High Placebo Response Rates Continue to Challenge MASH Drug Trials : Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology | May 2026

Introduction Metabolic dysfunction–associated steatohepatitis (MASH) has become a major global liver disease burden and a central focus of therapeutic development. Despite intense pharmaceutical activity and numerous late-phase clinical trials, demonstrating meaningful histologic improvement remains challenging,...

20

Hepatitis B Vaccination: A Success Story - Gastroenterology | March 26

Introduction Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major global health threat, with an estimated 254 million people living with chronic infection and more than 1.1 million deaths annually from cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)....

21

Prognostic value of LSM in PBC- AJG Feb.26

Risk stratification in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) traditionally relies on biochemical response to ursodeoxycholic acid, but liver stiffness measurement (LSM) is increasingly used to assess fibrosis and portal hypertension. In everyday practice, clinicians often encounter...

22

How Alcohol Acts as a ‘Second Hit’ in HBV-Driven Liver Cancer- AJG Feb.26

Introduction Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) commonly arises from chronic liver injury due to hepatitis B virus (HBV), alcohol use, metabolic dysfunction, or combinations of these factors. While each risk factor independently promotes carcinogenesis, how alcohol synergises...

23

EUS-guided liver biopsy – a novel technique (GIE, Jan-2026)

Indications of EUS-Guided Liver Biopsy EUS-guided liver biopsy (EUS-LB) is increasingly utilized as a minimally invasive technique for obtaining liver tissue samples. Common indications for EUS-LB include: Evaluation of unexplained liver abnormalities, such as elevated...

24

HBV Genotype and Biomarkers Predict Severe Flares After NA Cessation

The study highlights the significant role of HBV genotype and end-of-treatment (EOT) biomarkers in predicting severe virologic relapses (SVRel) and severe biochemical flares (SBF) after nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA) cessation in patients with chronic hepatitis B...

25

The hepatitis B vaccine—the first anti-cancer vaccine (Lancet Gastro Hepato 2026)

The hepatitis B vaccine, often hailed as the first anti-cancer vaccine, represents a groundbreaking achievement in global public health. Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a leading cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a deadly...

26

Rat Hepatitis E - J of Hepatology-Jan.26

Rat Hepatitis E (rHEV), also known as Rocahepevirus ratti, is an emerging zoonotic pathogen that has garnered significant attention in recent years due to its potential to infect humans and cause clinical disease. It was...

27

HBsAg, HBeAg and HCC prediction

HBsAg (Hepatitis B surface antigen) and HBeAg (Hepatitis B e antigen) are important biomarkers in understanding the progression and risk factors of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, particularly in relation to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)...

28

Large-Scale Profiling of HBsAg Levels in Chronic Hepatitis B for Functional Cure Development

The large-scale profiling of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) levels in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a critical area of research aimed at advancing the development of therapies for achieving a functional cure....

29

STASH Trial

The STASH trial (Short for "Steroid Tapering in Severe Alcohol-associated Hepatitis") was a multicenter, open-label randomized clinical trial aimed at evaluating the efficacy and safety of a tapered prednisolone regimen compared to the standard fixed-dose...

30

Zetomipzomib and the PORTOLA Trial

Zetomipzomib and the PORTOLA Trial represent a significant advancement in the treatment of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), particularly for patients who are inadequately controlled on standard therapies like steroids and azathioprine. Below is a detailed explanation...

31

Redefining PSC Care

Redefining care for Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC) requires a comprehensive, patient-centered approach that integrates modern strategies for symptom management, disease progression monitoring, and quality-of-life improvements. PSC is a chronic liver disease with significant unmet needs,...

32

Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B - AASLD/IDSA Guideline 2025

As of my knowledge cutoff in October 2023, the most recent guidelines for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) were published by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) and the...

33

Secondary Iron Overload and the Liver

Secondary iron overload is more common than hereditary hemochromatosis and arises from conditions such as transfusions, ineffective erythropoiesis, and chronic liver diseases. Iron absorption is regulated by hepcidin, which suppresses ferroportin when iron levels are...

34

Cardiac Syndromes in Liver Disease

Cardiac syndromes in liver disease encompass a spectrum of complex interactions between the heart and liver, with both organs mutually influencing each other. These syndromes include congestive hepatopathy (CH), cardiogenic liver injury (CLI), cirrhotic cardiomyopathy...

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