Gallbladder and Pancreas
Overview
Precision insights. Smarter healthcare.
Olomorasib Receives FDA Breakthrough Therapy Designation in KRAS G12C–Mutant Pancreatic Cancer: FDA / Oncology Update | August 2026
Introduction: KRAS mutations drive the vast majority of pancreatic cancers, but KRAS G12C represents only about 1–2% of cases. This small molecular subgroup is increasingly actionable. The FDA has granted Breakthrough Therapy designation to olomorasib...
A Simple Blood-Based Biomarker (SIRI) Predicts Outcomes in Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer: Pancreatology | August 2026
Introduction: Systemic inflammation plays a major role in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), contributing to tumor progression, cachexia, and treatment resistance. The Systemic Inflammation Response Index (SIRI) combines neutrophil, monocyte, and lymphocyte counts into a readily...
Higher Dietary Vitamin B6 Intake Is Associated With Lower Gallstone Prevalence: Medicine | August 2026
Introduction: Vitamin B6 participates in cholesterol metabolism, oxidative stress regulation, and inflammatory pathways that may influence gallstone formation. This population-based analysis examined whether dietary vitamin B6 intake is associated with gallstone prevalence in U.S. adults....
Fatty Pancreas Predicts Diabetes, Kidney Disease, and Cardiovascular Risk: UEG Journal | July 2026
Introduction: Fatty pancreas is increasingly recognized as an ectopic fat depot with metabolic consequences, but its clinical significance has been difficult to define because previous studies used inconsistent thresholds. This large UK Biobank study applied...
Nivolumab–Ipilimumab Shows Promising Activity in Gallbladder Cancer: Clinical Cancer Research | August 2026
Introduction: Dual immune checkpoint blockade with nivolumab plus ipilimumab has shown activity across several malignancies, but its role in advanced biliary tract cancer remains uncertain. The Phase II MoST-CIRCUIT trial evaluated this chemotherapy-free immunotherapy strategy...
Targeting Cholesterol Metabolism is A New Strategy to Overcome Chemotherapy Resistance in Pancreatic Cancer: National Cancer Institute Research | August 2026
Introduction: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) frequently develops resistance to chemotherapy through metabolic adaptations that enhance tumor survival. New research from the University of Oklahoma is investigating whether pancreatic cancer exploits cholesterol metabolism to withstand chemotherapy...
BiliSeq DNA/RNA Next-Generation Sequencing Improves the Diagnosis of Neoplastic Bile Duct Strictures: Gastroenterology | August 2026
Introduction: Distinguishing benign from malignant biliary strictures remains one of the greatest challenges in pancreatobiliary endoscopy. Although ERCP brush cytology and biopsy have excellent specificity, their sensitivity is disappointingly low, particularly in patients with primary...
Engineered Microbial Lipase: GHE | July 2026
Introduction: Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT) is the standard treatment for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) but is currently derived exclusively from porcine pancreatic extracts, requiring multiple capsules and often providing suboptimal fat digestion. This study...
Deep Learning for Automated Pancreatic Cancer Segmentation: NPJ Precision Oncology | July 2026
Introduction: Accurate tumour segmentation is fundamental for precision oncology, enabling objective assessment of tumour burden, treatment response, and radiomics analysis. This study developed and validated an anatomically constrained deep-learning model (Model-BB) for automated segmentation of...
When Can We Safely Stop Follow-up IPMN Surveillance: Annals of Surgery | July 2026
Introduction: The widespread detection of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) has substantially increased surveillance programs, although only a small proportion progress to pancreatic cancer. This study evaluated the long-term cancer risk and cost-effectiveness of surveillance...
Robotic vs Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: JAMA Surgery | July 2026
Introduction: Robotic cholecystectomy continues to expand worldwide, but its value compared with conventional laparoscopy remains debated. This large study evaluated whether the robotic platform offers meaningful clinical or economic advantages in complex versus routine elective...
MEK Inhibitor–Immunotherapy in Cholangiocarcinoma: Hepatology | July 2026
Introduction: Advanced cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) remains difficult to treat, with limited benefit from current chemotherapy and immunotherapy combinations. This study investigated whether combining a MEK inhibitor (MEKi), anti-PD-L1 therapy, and a CD27 agonist could improve antitumor...
Ivonescimab Plus Gemcitabine–Cisplatin in Biliary Tract Cancer (BTC): Journal of Hepatology | July 2026
Introduction: Advanced biliary tract cancer (BTC) carries a poor prognosis, with limited improvements in survival despite the addition of immune checkpoint inhibitors to standard gemcitabine–cisplatin chemotherapy. This phase II trial evaluated ivonescimab, a novel PD-1/VEGF...
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Gallbladder Disease: UEG Journal | June 2026
Introduction: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have become a cornerstone in the management of type 2 diabetes because of their excellent glycemic, cardiovascular, and weight-loss benefits. However, concerns remain regarding their potential association with...
Remnant Duct Dilatation Rarely Signals IPMN Recurrence : Ann Surg | Jun 2026
Introduction: Patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy for non invasive intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) require long-term surveillance because of the risk of disease recurrence in the pancreatic remnant. New pancreatic duct (PD) dilatation is commonly detected during...
Post-Pancreatectomy Chyle Leak: Annals of Surgery | June 2026
This study evaluated 1,063 patients undergoing pancreatic surgery; 11% developed conventionally defined chyle leak. Most clinically relevant cases were grade B, while no grade C leaks were reported. A minimally invasive surgical approach was independently...
Immediate Necrosectomy Accelerates Recovery in Walled-Off Necrosis : Gastroenterology | Jul 2026
Introduction: Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided drainage has become the preferred minimally invasive treatment for symptomatic necrotizing pancreatitis. However, the optimal timing of direct endoscopic necrosectomy (DEN) following drainage remains uncertain. While the conventional step-up approach reserves...
Fatty Pancreas: A Hidden Burden in T2DM : Diabetes Res Clin Pract | June 2026
Introduction: Fatty pancreas disease (FPD), also known as intrapancreatic fat deposition, has emerged as an important metabolic condition closely linked to obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Although ectopic fat accumulation in...
Selective Use of Biliary Drainage Supported in pCCA : BJS | Jun 2026
Introduction: Preoperative biliary drainage (PBD) is frequently used in patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (pCCA) to relieve biliary obstruction before surgery. The proposed benefits include improved liver function, reduced jaundice, and optimization of the future liver...
Pancreatic Plasticity in Development and Disease : Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol | May 2026
Introduction The pancreas represents one of the most dynamic models of cellular plasticity in human biology, where developmental fate decisions, tissue maintenance and regenerative responses are orchestrated through tightly regulated transcriptional and microenvironmental interactions. Recent...
Rethinking Antibiotic Strategy in Infected Necrotizing Pancreatitis | Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
Introduction Infected necrotizing pancreatitis remains one of the most severe complications of acute pancreatitis and is associated with substantial morbidity, organ failure and mortality. Management relies on timely antimicrobial therapy combined with delayed, minimally invasive...
GCAL Score Helps Triage EUS in Unexplained Bile Duct Dilatation | Indian Journal of Gastroenterology
Introduction Unexplained common bile duct (CBD) dilatation is a frequent and often challenging clinical finding in gastroenterology practice. Although cross-sectional imaging may fail to identify a cause, endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) can detect clinically significant biliary...
SPINK1 p.Asn34Ser: Gastroenterology | May 2026
Introduction The SPINK1 gene encodes the pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor, a key protective molecule that prevents premature trypsin activation within the pancreas. Dysfunction of this pathway is central to the pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis. Among...
Rome V Gallbladder and Sphincter of Oddi Disorders: Gastroenterology | May 2026
The Rome V Gallbladder and Sphincter of Oddi Disorders chapter substantially modernizes this field by moving away from historically overused functional labels and procedure-driven diagnosis toward a more restrictive, symptom-based, harm-minimizing approach. The major theme...
Optimal Timing of Endoscopic Necrosectomy After Catheter Drainage: Gastroenterology/ May 2026
Introduction Management of necrotising pancreatitis has evolved toward a minimally invasive, step-up approach, where initial catheter drainage—either percutaneous or endoscopic—is followed by endoscopic necrosectomy only when required. A key unresolved clinical question is the optimal...
Chronic Pancreatitis- From Inflammation to Fibrosis: Gastroenterology | May 2026
Article Type: Review — Basic and Clinical Gastroenterology & Hepatology Introduction and Summary Chronic pancreatitis is a progressive fibro-inflammatory disease characterised by recurrent or persistent abdominal pain, exocrine insufficiency, and eventual endocrine failure. Traditionally viewed...
SPINK1 p.Asn34Ser: Gastroenterology | May 2026
Introduction The SPINK1 gene encodes the pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor, a key protective molecule that prevents premature trypsin activation within the pancreas. Dysfunction of this pathway is central to the pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis. Among...
Gallbladder Polyps: Are We Still Over-Operating Despite New Guidelines? UEG Journal | July 2026
Introduction Gallbladder polyps are commonly detected incidentally, with a prevalence of up to 7% in adults. The vast majority are benign, while only a small fraction represent adenomas with malignant potential. Because imaging cannot reliably...
IPMN Surgery vs Surveillance: Annals of Surgical Oncology | April 2026
Introduction Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm presents a common yet challenging clinical dilemma—whether to operate or observe. The core issue is diagnostic uncertainty, as current imaging and clinical tools cannot reliably identify which lesions harbor high-grade...
SMV Involvement in Pancreatic Cancer: Annals of Surgical Oncology | April 2026
Introduction Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a highly aggressive malignancy frequently involving adjacent vascular structures such as the superior mesenteric vein (SMV). Advances in surgical techniques now allow venous resection and reconstruction, expanding resectability in borderline...
Fatty Pancreas in MASLD: JGH | March 2026
Introduction Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease is now recognized as a multisystem metabolic disorder affecting not only the liver but also cardiovascular, renal, and endocrine systems. Parallel to this, Fatty pancreas disease—defined by intrapancreatic fat...
Tirzepatide and Acute Pancreatitis: Pancreatology | March 2026
Introduction With the rapid rise of obesity and type 2 diabetes, incretin-based therapies such as Tirzepatide have transformed metabolic care. These agents offer substantial benefits in weight reduction and glycemic control, approaching outcomes seen with...
Peripancreatic Vascular Involvement in AIP: CGH | March 2026
Introduction Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is a unique IgG4-related inflammatory disease with generally favourable outcomes following glucocorticoid therapy. However, beyond pancreatic inflammation, extension into the peripancreatic vasculature can occur, leading to venous stenosis, collateral formation, and...
NAPAN Trial in Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer: EJC/ March 2026
Introduction: Metastatic pancreatic cancer continues to carry a dismal prognosis, with limited effective options after failure of first-line gemcitabine-based therapy. Liposomal irinotecan (nal-IRI) combined with 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin (5-FU/LV) is currently an established second-line standard. However, S-1,...
GOLP in High-Risk Resectable Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma NEJM, March 2026
Introduction Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is the second most common primary liver cancer and carries a poor prognosis even after curative surgery. Recurrence rates exceed 50%, particularly in patients with high-risk features such as large tumours...
Glucose Addiction in Cholangiocarcinoma: Hepatoma Research, 2025
Introduction Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is the second most common primary liver cancer and is associated with poor prognosis due to late diagnosis and aggressive tumour biology. Increasing evidence links diabetes mellitus and chronic hyperglycemia with both...
Acute Pancreatitis to Pancreatic Damage and Diabetes: Gastroenterology | March 2026
Introduction Acute pancreatitis (AP) is often considered a self-limited illness once the acute episode resolves, with survival exceeding 95%. However, increasing evidence suggests that AP frequently initiates a cascade of long-term pancreatic complications, including recurrent...
Metabolic Syndrome Increases Cholangiocarcinoma Risk- Hepatology Feb.26
This large population-based cohort study evaluated the relationship between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and the risk of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), including both intrahepatic and extrahepatic subtypes. The study included nearly 4.9 million adults aged ≥40 years who...
Blood-Based Early Detection for Pancreatic Cancer: Are We There Yet- Gastroenterology Feb.26
Introduction Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the deadliest cancers, largely because it is usually diagnosed late. Individuals with familial risk, pathogenic germline variants, or pancreatic cystic disease carry a substantially higher risk and...
NLR and Acute Pancreaatitis - Front Med 2026
Overview The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a simple, cost-effective biomarker derived from routine blood tests. It measures the ratio of neutrophils (a type of white blood cell involved in inflammation) to lymphocytes (white blood cells...
HTG-Induced Pancreatitis
HTG-Induced Pancreatitis: Overview and Latest Treatments What is HTG-Induced Pancreatitis? HTG-induced pancreatitis refers to acute pancreatitis caused by severe hypertriglyceridemia (HTG), which is an abnormally high level of triglycerides in the blood. Triglycerides are a...
EUS -guided Biliary Drainage in acute cholecystitis(GIE, Jan-2026)
The article discusses the efficacy and clinical durability of EUS-guided gallbladder drainage (EUS-GBD) as a treatment for acute cholecystitis in high-risk surgical patients. Acute cholecystitis, which is an inflammation of the gallbladder, is traditionally treated...
SIMBA Trial - GUT Jan 2026
The SIMBA Trial, as described in the provided context, was a triple-blind, randomised, controlled, superiority trial aimed at evaluating whether simvastatin could reduce the recurrence of pancreatitis in patients with recurrent acute pancreatitis (RAP) or...
Acute pancreatitis, DM and Gut Microbiota
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common inflammatory condition of the pancreas that often requires hospitalization. While the in-hospital mortality rate for AP has decreased significantly due to advancements in clinical management, postdischarge morbidity and mortality...
New-Onset Diabetes and Pancreatic Cancer
New-Onset Diabetes (NOD) and its link to Pancreatic Cancer, specifically Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC), is an emerging area of medical research. Glycemically defined new-onset diabetes (GNOD) has been identified as a high-risk clinical state for...
High visceral adiposity and low skeletal muscle mass independently predict the development of acute cholecystitis in patients with gallstones: a retrospective cohort study
The retrospective cohort study you are referencing addresses the relationship between body composition and the risk of developing acute cholecystitis in patients with gallstones. The findings highlight that high visceral adiposity (excess visceral fat) and...
LAMS for EUS-guided drainage of pancreatic fluid collections
Lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMS) have emerged as a highly effective tool for endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided drainage of pancreatic fluid collections (PFCs), such as pseudocysts and walled-off necrosis. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated three commonly...
EUS-guided GJ in acute pancreatitis related Gastric Outlet obstruction
Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Gastrojejunostomy (EUS-GJ) is an innovative, minimally invasive procedure that has gained traction as a treatment for gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) due to duodenal stenosis caused by acute pancreatitis. Acute pancreatitis can lead to...
EUS-guided ethanol injections of small pancreatic NET
Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided ethanol injection (EUS-EI) is emerging as a promising, minimally invasive treatment for small pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNENs), particularly for patients seeking alternatives to surgery. This approach involves using endoscopic ultrasound to guide the...
Surveillance of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis - EASL Guideline
Surveillance for Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC) is critical due to the high risk of hepatobiliary complications, including cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), gallbladder cancer, and liver failure, all of which significantly impact patient outcomes. The European Association for...
Optimal timing for LAMS removal after EUS-guided drainage of PFC
The optimal timing for lumen-apposing metal stent (LAMS) removal after EUS-guided drainage of pancreatic fluid collections (PFCs) does not necessarily depend on a fixed timeline, such as early removal within 3–4 weeks. A systematic review...
Portal versus peripheral circulating tumor cells in PDAC
The study you referenced investigates the differences between portal and peripheral circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and their prognostic value. Here’s a detailed breakdown of the findings and their implications: Background:...
Risk of Pancreatic Cancer in Patients With Chronic Pancreatitis
Patients with chronic pancreatitis face a significantly increased risk of developing pancreatic cancer compared to individuals without pancreatitis. According to the systematic review and meta-analysis, chronic pancreatitis is associated with a hazard ratio (HR) of...
Risk factor analysis for survival prediction in severe acute pancreatitis
Risk factor analysis for survival prediction in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) focuses on identifying key clinical and biochemical parameters that influence patient outcomes. In the specific context of obese patients with SAP, the study highlighted...
Biomarker testing in biliary tract cancer
Biomarker testing in biliary tract cancer (BTC) has emerged as a critical tool for guiding precision therapy, improving treatment outcomes, and understanding the molecular landscape of this heterogeneous disease. Below is a detailed overview of...
Acalculus Biliary Pain and Acalculus Cholecystitis
Acalculus Biliary Pain and Acalculus Cholecystitis Both acalculus biliary pain and acalculus cholecystitis are conditions associated with the gallbladder but differ in their presentation, underlying mechanisms, and clinical significance. Below is a detailed breakdown: ---...
SBRT versus chemoradiation after induction chemotherapy in locally advanced pancreatic cancer
The study described compares the outcomes of Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) versus Conventional Chemoradiation (CRT) following induction chemotherapy in patients with Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer (LAPC) and Borderline Resectable Pancreatic Cancer (BRPC). Below is...
Circulating tumor DNA and extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma
Circulating Tumor DNA (ctDNA): Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) refers to fragments of DNA that are shed into the bloodstream by tumor cells. These DNA fragments carry tumor-specific genetic mutations, making them a valuable biomarker for...
Dynamic lipase trajectory patterns and in-hospital mortality in acute pancreatitis:
Dynamic lipase trajectory patterns and in-hospital mortality in acute pancreatitis (AP) provide valuable insights into the progression of the disease and its outcomes, particularly in critically ill patients admitted to the ICU. Here’s a detailed...
Inflammation-based biomarkers and acute severe pancreatitis
Inflammation-based biomarkers such as the Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR), and Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) are gaining attention for their potential to predict the severity of acute pancreatitis (AP), particularly in emergency and clinical...
Serum HbA1c and infected pancreatic necrosis
To address the relationship between serum HbA1c and infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN), let’s delve into the details of HbA1c, IPN, and their association based on the study findings: --- What is HbA1c? Definition: HbA1c, or...
Genetic Variants Linked to Pancreatic IPMN Development
The study identified genetic variants that are significantly linked to the development of pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs), which are cystic lesions in the pancreas that have the potential to progress into pancreatic adenocarcinoma....
Pleural effusion, acute pancreatitis and Mortality
Pleural effusion (PE) is a significant clinical finding in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) and has been shown to be strongly associated with increased severity and mortality in this condition. Here's a detailed explanation of...
TGF-Beta and Chronic Pancreatitis
TGF-β and Chronic Pancreatitis Transforming Growth Factor-Beta (TGF-β) is a multifunctional cytokine that plays a key role in chronic pancreatitis (CP), particularly in driving fibrosis and disease progression. Chronic pancreatitis is marked by inflammation, irreversible...
Fatty Pancreas and PANDORA Hypothesis
The PANDORA Hypothesis (Pancreatic Diseases Originating from Intrapancreatic Fat) is a groundbreaking concept that identifies fat accumulation within the pancreas—referred to as fatty pancreas disease (FPD)—as a common root cause of numerous pancreatic disorders. It...
Native Hawaiian pancreatic cancer disparity study
The study on pancreatic cancer disparities among Native Hawaiians, conducted as part of the Multiethnic Cohort Study, revealed significant findings about the heightened risk faced by this population compared to White individuals. Below is a...
More topics
Small and Large Bowel
Evidence-driven progress in bowel health management.
Exam Corner
Your hub for focused learning and smart preparation.
Artificial Intelligence
Transforming data into intelligent decisions.
Cirrhosis Liver
Precision insights for better liver outcomes.
Liver Transplantation
Advancing outcomes through surgical excellence.
Fatty Liver Disease
Promoting liver health through early insight and action.
Endoscopy
Clear vision for a healthier tomorrow.
Basic Sciences
Building the foundation of medical understanding.
HCC
Awareness saves lives. Early action matters.
IBD
Evidence-based care for chronic intestinal conditions.
Hepatitis
Evidence-based insights. Better liver health
Oncology
Transforming Oncology with Next-Gen Science
Upper GI Tract
Supporting better digestion through informed care.”
GI Surgery
Advancing precision and outcomes in gastrointestinal care.
We are pioneers in clinical intelligence, dedicated to helping gastroenterologists harness the power of artificial intelligence to drive precision, efficiency, and patient growth.