The BOSS trial (Barrett’s Oesophagus Surveillance Study) was a landmark randomized controlled trial designed to evaluate whether scheduled endoscopic surveillance improves survival outcomes in patients with Barrett's esophagus compared to symptom-driven or "at-need" endoscopy. Below is a detailed summary of the trial: Purpose and Background The primary aim of the BOSS trial was to determine if routine, scheduled surveillance endoscopy leads to better survival outcomes for patients with Barrett's esophagus, a condition that can increase the risk of developing esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Historically, guidelines recommended regular surveillance for Barrett’s esophagus, based on an assumed annual progression rate to EAC of 1%. However, this trial sought to challenge that assumption and provide evidence-based guidance on the necessity of routine surveillance. Study Design Participants: 3453 patients diagnosed with Barrett’s esophagus. Randomization: Patients were randomized into two groups: Surveillance group: Underwent scheduled endoscopy every 2 years. At-need group: Underwent endoscopy only when clinically indicated by symptoms (e.g., dysphagia, bleeding, or other signs of disease progression). Follow-up: Median follow-up duration was 12.8 years, making it one of the longest trials for Barrett’s esophagus. Centers: Conducted across 109 centers in the UK. Key Findings Overall Survival: No significant difference in overall survival between the two groups. Surveillance group: 19.2% deaths. At-need group: 20.7% deaths. Hazard ratio (HR): 0.95 (95% CI 0.82–1.10; P = .503). Cancer-Specific Survival: No significant difference in cancer-related mortality. Surveillance group: 108 deaths. At-need group: 106 deaths. HR: 1.01 (95% CI 0.77–1.33). Esophageal Adenocarcinoma (EAC) Incidence: EAC was diagnosed in 71 patients (2.1% of the cohort). Surveillance group: 40 cases. At-need group: 31 cases. Routine surveillance did not significantly reduce EAC incidence. Cancer Stage at Diagnosis: The stage distribution of EAC was similar between groups. A slightly higher proportion of T1a cancers (early-stage) was detected in the surveillance arm, but this difference was not statistically significant. Adverse Events: Serious endoscopy-related adverse events were rare and comparable between groups: Surveillance group: 0.46%. At-need group: 0.41%. Endoscopy Burden: Surveillance patients underwent significantly more endoscopies: Surveillance group: 6124 procedures. At-need group: 2424 procedures. This translated to a 1.62-fold higher rate of procedures in the surveillance arm, with no corresponding survival benefit. Risk of EAC Progression: The annual risk of developing EAC in the cohort was only 0.23% per year, far lower than the previously assumed rate of 1%. Impact by Age: Subgroup analysis suggested a possible survival benefit for patients aged >65 years (HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.60–0.91), but no benefit was observed for younger patients. This finding requires cautious interpretation. Quality of Detection: Surveillance increased detection of dysplasia (low-grade dysplasia [LGD] and high-grade dysplasia [HGD]), but this did not translate into reduced EAC incidence or mortality. Exit Endoscopy Findings: At the end of the trial, additional endoscopies in the at-need group identified 8 cases of EAC and 9 cases of HGD, highlighting that delayed detection did not impact overall survival. Conclusions Limited Benefit of Routine Surveillance: Scheduled surveillance for nondysplastic Barrett’s esophagus did not improve overall survival or cancer-specific survival compared to symptom-triggered endoscopy. Low Risk of Malignant Progression: The annual progression rate to EAC was much lower than previously thought (0.23% vs the assumed 1%). Guideline Implications: The findings challenge current global guidelines recommending routine surveillance for nondysplastic Barrett’s esophagus, particularly for low-risk patients or those with short-segment Barrett’s esophagus. Resource Utilization: Routine surveillance programs may overuse healthcare resources without providing clear survival benefits. Tailored Approach: The study supports tailoring surveillance intervals or adopting “at-need” endoscopy for low-risk patients with Barrett’s esophagus. Historical Context When the trial began in 2009, the prevailing belief was that Barrett’s esophagus carried a substantial risk of progression to EAC, warranting frequent surveillance. The BOSS trial has since reshaped this understanding, demonstrating that malignant progression is much rarer than previously estimated. Real-World Representation The study's participants closely mirrored real-world Barrett’s populations: Mean age: 63 years. Gender: 71% male. Approximately 94% of participants were on proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), reflecting typical clinical management of Barrett’s esophagus. Clinical Implications The BOSS trial provides robust evidence against routine surveillance for nondysplastic Barrett’s esophagus, particularly in low-risk patients. It reinforces the need for a more individualized approach to management, balancing the procedural burden against the actual risk of progression to EAC. For patients over 65 years, further research may be needed to explore potential age-related benefits. Guideline Recommendations The trial’s findings suggest reconsideration of current guidelines advocating routine surveillance for nondysplastic Barrett’s esophagus, with a focus on risk stratification and resource optimization. In summary, the BOSS trial represents a pivotal moment in the management of Barrett’s esophagus, offering long-term data to guide evidence-based clinical practice.

Upper GI Tract

Clinical knowledge base written and curated by GastroAGI Team from primary medical literatureLast updated August 1, 2026

Overview

Supporting better digestion through informed care.”

Long-Term PPI Use Does Not Increase Gastric Cancer Risk: BMJ | 2026

Introduction: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are among the most widely prescribed medications worldwide. Concerns have persisted that long-term acid suppression, through hypochlorhydria and hypergastrinemia, might increase gastric cancer risk. This large Nordic population-based study examined...

Liquid Nitrogen Spray Cryotherapy Offers Repeatable Palliation in Advanced Oesophagal Cancer: GIE | August 2026

Introduction: Dysphagia from advanced unresectable oesophagal cancer can severely impair nutrition and quality of life. Conventional palliation often relies on stenting or feeding-tube placement, both of which carry important limitations. This prospective cohort study evaluated...

Primary Tumour Genomics May Predict Recurrence Patterns After Gastric Cancer Surgery: JAMA Surgery | August 2026

Introduction: Despite curative-intent resection, gastric cancer carries a substantial risk of recurrence, commonly through hematogenous, peritoneal, or lymphatic spread. Current postoperative surveillance is largely guided by clinicopathological factors. This study investigated whether genomic profiling of...

Autoimmune Gastritis: Diagnosis and Management: Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology | August 2026

Introduction: Autoimmune gastritis (AIG) is a chronic immune-mediated disorder targeting the gastric oxyntic mucosa, resulting in progressive atrophy and impaired absorption of vitamin B12, iron, and other micronutrients. Once considered primarily a cause of pernicious...

Nicotine E-Cigarettes for Smoking Cessation: JAMA | July 2026

Introduction: Cigarette smoking remains one of the leading causes of preventable death worldwide. This expert consensus statement from the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco (SRNT) provides practical recommendations for clinicians on incorporating nicotine-containing...

Dupilumab in Eosinophilic Gastritis: Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology | July 2026

Introduction: Eosinophilic gastritis (EoG) is a rare chronic inflammatory disorder with limited effective treatment options and frequent dependence on corticosteroids. The phase II DEGAS trial evaluated dupilumab, an IL-4/IL-13 inhibitor, as a targeted therapy for...

Basal Crypt Dysplasia in Barrett's Esophagus: GUT | July 2026

Introduction: Barrett's esophagus (BE) is the principal precursor of esophageal adenocarcinoma. Early detection of neoplastic transformation is essential for preventing cancer progression. This review discusses basal crypt dysplasia (CD), an emerging histological entity that may...

High-Resolution Impedance Manometry after POEM: AJG | May 2026

Introduction: Assessing esophageal clearance after peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is essential for evaluating treatment success in achalasia. Timed barium esophagram (TBE) is the current standard, but high-resolution impedance manometry (HRiM) may provide a radiation-free physiological...

Magnetic Sphincter Augmentation Provides Durable GERD Control : Ann Surg | Jun 2026

Introduction: Magnetic sphincter augmentation (MSA) has emerged as an effective surgical option for patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) who continue to experience symptoms despite medical therapy. By augmenting lower esophageal sphincter function while preserving...

New Strategies Needed for Resistant H. pylori : Indian J Gastroenterol | Jun 2026

Introduction: Helicobacter pylori infection affects more than half of the global population and remains a major cause of peptic ulcer disease, gastric mucosal inflammation, and gastric cancer. Successful eradication is a cornerstone of gastrointestinal practice,...

Vonoprazan–Tetracycline Dual Therapy Simplifies H. pylori Rescue Treatment : Gastroenterology | June 2026

Introduction: Helicobacter pylori Infection eradication after prior treatment failure remains a major therapeutic challenge due to increasing antibiotic resistance, poor tolerability of multidrug regimens and declining adherence rates. Simplified rescue strategies with improved safety and...

H. pylori Eradication Reduces Cancer but Mortality Benefit Remains Fragile : Gastroenterology | June 2026

Introduction Helicobacter pylori Infection eradication is widely accepted as a key strategy for prevention of Gastric Cancer. Large meta-analyses have consistently shown reductions in gastric cancer incidence following eradication therapy, supporting global screening and treatment...

Vonoprazan Triple and Reverse Hybrid Regimens Outperform High-Dose Dual Therapy for H. pylori : AJG | May 2026

Introduction Helicobacter pylori Infection remains a major global cause of peptic ulcer disease, gastric adenocarcinoma and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. Rising antimicrobial resistance, particularly to clarithromycin, has progressively reduced eradication success with conventional triple therapy....

BRTO and TIPS Outperform Cyanoacrylate for Secondary GV Bleeding Prevention : Meta-analysis | May 2026

Introduction Gastric Varices are associated with severe hemorrhage, high transfusion requirements and substantial mortality in patients with Cirrhosis. Compared with esophageal varices, gastric varices bleed less frequently but often more catastrophically. Secondary prophylaxis after an...

Guideline Gaps in Paediatric H. pylori Care : Frontline Gastroenterol | May 2026

Introduction Helicobacter pylori infection remains an important paediatric gastrointestinal infection worldwide, yet its diagnosis and treatment in children differ substantially from adult practice. The joint ESPGHAN–NASPGHAN guidelines advocate a restrictive, endoscopy-based diagnostic strategy with culture-guided...

BSG/ACPGBI Advise Against Routine Tranexamic Acid in GI Bleeding : Frontline Gastroenterol | May 2026

Introduction Tranexamic acid has been widely used across trauma, surgical and hemorrhagic settings because of its antifibrinolytic effects and ability to stabilize clot formation. Earlier small studies suggested potential benefit in gastrointestinal bleeding, leading to...

Distinct Atopic Endotypes Identified in Paediatric and Adult EoE : Frontline Gastroenterol | 2026

Introduction Eosinophilic oesophagitis is an increasingly recognized type 2 inflammatory disorder characterized by oesophageal eosinophilia, dysphagia and food-related symptoms. Although EoE occurs across all age groups, differences in immunologic drivers and clinical phenotype between paediatric-onset...

FOXM1 Blockade Restores Epithelial Homeostasis in EoE : Gut | 2026

Introduction Eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE) is a chronic Th2-mediated inflammatory disease characterized by epithelial barrier dysfunction, basal cell hyperplasia and persistent mucosal remodeling. Even after inflammatory control, epithelial transcriptomic and histologic abnormalities often persist, contributing to...

Exclusive Enteral Nutrition Shows Modest but Meaningful Benefit in Adult Crohn’s Disease | Indian Journal of Gastroenterology

Introduction Exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) is a well-established induction therapy in pediatric Crohn’s disease, where it offers anti-inflammatory efficacy while avoiding corticosteroid-related toxicity. In adults, however, EEN has been less widely adopted because of concerns...

Rome V Gastroduodenal Disorders: Gastroenterology | May 2026

The Rome V Gastroduodenal Disorders chapter introduces several important conceptual, diagnostic, and therapeutic refinements across functional dyspepsia (FD), nausea/vomiting disorders, belching disorders, inability to belch syndrome, and rumination syndrome. The most clinically important changes are...

Rome V Pediatric Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders: Gastroenterology | May 2026

Rome V substantially expands pediatric upper gastrointestinal disorders of gut–brain interaction (DGBI), moving beyond the narrower Rome IV framework to include pediatric esophageal pain disorders, esophageal air-transit disorders, functional pediatric feeding disorders (FPFD), rumination syndrome,...

Rome V Functional Esophageal Disorders: Gastroenterology | May 2026

Rome V reframes functional esophageal disorders as esophageal disorders of gut–brain interaction (E-DGBI), emphasizing that these syndromes arise from altered esophageal sensory signaling and central perceptual processing rather than occult structural disease. The defining clinical...

Achalasia and Oesophagal Cancer: Gastroenterology | May 2026

Introduction Achalasia is a chronic oesophagal motility disorder characterised by impaired lower oesophagal sphincter relaxation and food stasis. Long-standing stasis, bacterial overgrowth, and chronic inflammation have raised concerns about an increased risk of oesophagal cancer,...

Gastric Polyps: AGA Clinical Practice Update | April 2026

Introduction Gastric polyps are frequently encountered during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and represent a heterogeneous group of lesions ranging from benign fundic gland polyps to premalignant adenomas and neuroendocrine tumours. Their clinical significance lies not only...

Pediatric Eosinophilic Esophagitis- ASGE Consensus: GIE | March 2026

Introduction Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic, immune-mediated disease characterized by progressive esophageal inflammation that can evolve into fibrostenotic complications such as strictures and food impaction. Endoscopy plays a central role not only in diagnosis...

Dupilumab for Pediatric EoE: AJG, March 2026

Introduction Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic immune-mediated oesophagal disease in children that causes feeding difficulty, vomiting, abdominal pain, dysphagia, and poor quality of life. Standard therapy often includes proton-pump inhibitors and swallowed topical corticosteroids...

MEK Inhibitors and Gastric Precancerous Lesions: Gastroenterology | March 2026

What Are MEK Inhibitors? MEK inhibitors are targeted drugs that block the MAPK/ERK signalling pathway, specifically the MEK (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase) enzyme. This pathway regulates cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation, and its abnormal activation...

Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Diseases in 2026: Gastroenterology | March 26

Introduction Eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases (EGIDs) are chronic, immune-mediated disorders defined by eosinophil-predominant inflammation in the GI tract. Over the past 30 years, EGIDs—especially eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE)—have risen sharply without a clear plateau. This review summarises...

Falling Prevalence of GI Malignancy in Adults With Iron Deficiency Anaemia – IDIOM V: Endoscopy | 2026

Introduction Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) has long been considered an important red flag for underlying gastrointestinal (GI) malignancy. However, with evolving referral patterns, widespread endoscopic access, and prior imaging, the true contemporary cancer yield in...

Wedge Pillow vs Evening PPI for Nocturnal Reflux: Neurogastro & Motility | Feb. 2026

Many patients continue to experience nocturnal heartburn or regurgitation despite taking a standard morning proton pump inhibitor (PPI). Current practice often escalates to a second (evening) PPI dose, while wedge pillows are recommended as a...

Capsule Sponge Triage for Reflux

This large, single-center, prospective cohort study evaluated a non-endoscopic capsule sponge (CS) triage pathway for patients routinely referred with reflux symptoms over 4 years. The goal was to assess its impact on endoscopy utilisation, diagnostic...

Metopimazine in Gastroparesis: Safe, Mixed Efficacy Signals- AJG Feb.2026

Gastroparesis is a chronic, debilitating disorder characterised by nausea, vomiting, early satiety, postprandial fullness, and abdominal pain. Current pharmacologic options are limited by modest efficacy and safety concerns, particularly central nervous system and cardiac adverse...

LPS vs LPRD: The San Diego Consensus Redefines LPR- AJG Feb.26

Introduction “Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR)” has become a catch-all label for chronic throat and upper airway complaints—cough, throat clearing, hoarseness, phlegm, throat pain—often without objective evidence of reflux. This has led to overdiagnosis, prolonged proton-pump inhibitor...

Psychological Factors Shape Outcomes After Achalasia Treatment- Gastroenterology Feb.26

Introduction Achalasia is traditionally managed as a pure motility disorder, and treatment success is usually judged by technical outcomes—lower oesophageal sphincter (LES) disruption, improved emptying on timed barium esophagram (TBE), and manometric changes. Yet, many...

Beyond Gastric Cancer: The True Burden of H. pylori- Gastroenterology Feb.26

Introduction Helicobacter pylori is universally recognised as a major cause of gastric cancer, and screen-and-treat strategies are often evaluated almost exclusively through this lens. However, H. pylori also drives a broad spectrum of other gastrointestinal...

Vonoprazan based dual therapy of H.Pylori infection - Front. Med.,2026

The study titled "Vonoprazan-based dual therapy for H. pylori eradication" published in Frontiers in Medicine in 2026 systematically evaluates the efficacy and safety of Vonoprazan-based high-dose dual therapy (VPZ-HDDT) compared to proton pump inhibitor-based high-dose...

Barrett’s esophagus with indefinite dysplasia(GIE, Jan-2026)

Barrett’s esophagus with indefinite dysplasia (IND) represents a challenging diagnostic category, characterized by histologic uncertainty between nondysplastic Barrett’s esophagus and low-grade dysplasia. This ambiguity often arises due to overlapping features and confounding factors such as...

EREFS as a Clinical Trial Endpoint in Eosinophilic Oesophagitis

Introduction: Eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE) is a chronic immune-mediated condition that significantly contributes to upper gastrointestinal morbidity. Historically, clinical trials evaluating treatments for EoE have relied on two co-primary endpoints: symptom improvement and histologic assessment, primarily...

First genome-wide association study and idiopathic achalasia

Introduction: Idiopathic achalasia (IA) is a rare disorder where the neurons in the myenteric plexus degenerate, causing irreversible esophageal dysfunction. While immune-mediated mechanisms have been suggested as a cause, the exact reasons for IA remain...

Magnetically controlled capsule endoscopy and Gastric conditions

Magnetically Controlled Capsule Endoscopy (MCE) is an innovative, noninvasive diagnostic technology designed to evaluate gastric conditions as an alternative to the traditional esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). EGD, although highly accurate, is an invasive procedure requiring sedation and...

Endoscopy and Celiac Disease

Endoscopy plays a crucial role in diagnosing celiac disease, a condition characterized by damage to the small intestinal lining, specifically villous atrophy (VA). Villous atrophy refers to the flattening or loss of the tiny finger-like...

Low FODMAP and Functional Dyspepsia

The low FODMAP diet (LFD) has emerged as a promising dietary intervention for individuals suffering from functional dyspepsia (FD), a common gastrointestinal disorder characterized by symptoms such as postprandial distress, bloating, and epigastric pain. Recent...

Proton Pump Inhibitors and Gastric Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review

The systematic review and evidence synthesis you referred to evaluates the long-debated association between proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use and gastric cancer risk. It aims to assess potential causality through a life course epidemiology framework....

Impact of pH Impedance Monitoring on Management of Proven vs Unproven GERD

The study highlights the differing impacts of pH-impedance monitoring on the management of patients with proven versus unproven gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Below is a detailed breakdown of the findings: Proven GERD (Diagnosed Off-PPI Testing)...

Long-term treatment of EoE: BOS, BOT, and PPIs

Long-term treatment of Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE) focuses on preventing relapse and complications like fibrostenosis by maintaining remission through sustained therapy. Recent studies have evaluated three main therapeutic options: Budesonide Oral Suspension (BOS), Budesonide Orodispersible Tablets...

GLP-1 agonist, DM and GI safety - Real World Data

GLP-1 receptor agonists are a class of medications commonly used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and, more recently, for obesity management. These drugs work by mimicking the action of the hormone...

Endoscopic biopsy techniques in Barrett esophagus

Ideal Recommendation for Endoscopic Biopsy in Barrett's Esophagus: Based on the study findings, the ideal technique for endoscopic biopsy in Barrett's esophagus (BE) surveillance is the single-biopsy method combined with the turn-and-suction technique. This combination...

Barrett’s esophagus afte RF ablation vs. cryoballoon ablation - Rate of Recurrence

The study compared the long-term recurrence rates of Barrett's esophagus (BE) in patients who achieved complete remission of intestinal metaplasia (CRIM) after undergoing treatment with either radiofrequency ablation (RFA) or cryoballoon ablation (CBA). Below is...

AGA Guideline on Surveillance of Barrett’s Esophagus

The American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) guideline on the surveillance of Barrett's Esophagus (BE) provides evidence-based recommendations aimed at improving early detection of dysplasia and reducing the risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Below is a detailed...

BOSS trial

The BOSS trial (Barrett’s Oesophagus Surveillance Study) was a landmark randomized controlled trial designed to evaluate whether scheduled endoscopic surveillance improves survival outcomes in patients with Barrett's esophagus compared to symptom-driven or "at-need" endoscopy. Below...

Blood-Based T-Cell Diagnosis of Celiac Disease

The blood-based T-cell diagnosis of celiac disease (CeD) represents a groundbreaking advancement in the diagnostic landscape, particularly for individuals adhering to a gluten-free diet (GFD). The study introduces and validates the whole-blood interleukin-2 (IL-2) release...

Standardizing FLIP Interpretation

Standardizing FLIP (Functional Lumen Imaging Probe) interpretation is crucial for ensuring its reliability and utility in clinical practice, especially for diagnosing and managing esophageal motility disorders. FLIP is a diagnostic tool that uses impedance planimetry...

Infantile Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis (IHPS)

Infantile Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis (IHPS): A Comprehensive Overview Infantile Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis (IHPS) is a condition in infants that involves abnormal thickening (hypertrophy) of the pyloric muscle, which functions as a valve between the stomach...

Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa

Anorexia Nervosa (AN) and Bulimia Nervosa (BN) are two of the most common eating disorders, both of which involve significant disturbances in eating behavior and an intense preoccupation with body weight, shape, and appearance. While...

Refractory Helicobacter pylori infection

Refractory Helicobacter pylori Infection: A Comprehensive Overview Definition Refractory Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection refers to persistent H. pylori infection despite undergoing two or more failed eradication attempts with appropriate antibiotic regimens. It is a...

Etiology of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) changed over recent decades

The etiology of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) has undergone significant changes over the past few decades due to advancements in medical management and preventive strategies. UGIB, defined as bleeding originating from the esophagus, stomach, or...

Endoscopic versus surgical anti-reflux procedures for GERD

Endoscopic and surgical anti-reflux procedures are both effective treatment options for managing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), but they differ significantly in terms of efficacy, safety, and patient suitability. Below is a detailed comparison based on...

Optimal timing for endoscopic treatment in patients with GERD

The optimal timing for endoscopic treatment in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) should be carefully individualized based on the patient's clinical profile, response to prior treatments, and overall health status. Endoscopic therapy is considered...

H. pylori infection in children and adolescents

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in children and adolescents is a significant health concern due to its potential long-term impact on gastrointestinal health. This bacterial infection primarily affects the stomach lining and is associated with...

H.Pylor related chronic atrophic gastritis and Gastric Cancer

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-related chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) is a condition where long-term infection by H. pylori bacteria leads to damage in the stomach lining. This damage includes inflammation, loss of stomach gland cells (atrophy),...

Gut microbiome mediates the associations between lifestyle factors and colorectal high-risk adenoma

The study you are referencing provides compelling evidence that the gut microbiome acts as a mediator in the relationship between lifestyle factors—such as obesity, smoking, and alcohol consumption—and the development of colorectal high-risk adenomas (HRAs)....

Eosinophilic esophagitis and food allergies: A US National Analysis

Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE) and food allergies are closely intertwined. A recent US national analysis, leveraging data between 2016 and 2022, provides critical insights into the relationship between EoE and IgE-mediated food allergies such as milk,...

FLIP panometry

FLIP panometry, or Functional Lumen Imaging Probe panometry, is a diagnostic tool used during endoscopy to assess the esophagogastric junction (EGJ) opening and esophageal contractile activity. It complements traditional motility testing by providing additional information...

Familial Eosinophilic Esophagitis

Familial Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic allergic inflammatory condition of the esophagus with a strong genetic basis. Research has shown that EoE often clusters within families, suggesting genetic predisposition plays a significant role. A...

AGES-D Score and GERD

The AGES-D score is a diagnostic tool developed to predict gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) with moderate-to-high accuracy by integrating demographic and high-resolution manometric (HRM) parameters. It was specifically designed to assist clinicians in evaluating patients...

pH-integrated ultrathin endoscopy for ambulatory GERD monitoring

The pH-integrated ultrathin endoscopy, known as the EndoMonitor System, represents a groundbreaking innovation for ambulatory gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) monitoring. This newly developed device integrates real-time pH measurement with direct video imaging of reflux episodes,...

RefluxStop surgery in the treatment of acid reflux

RefluxStop surgery is an innovative and highly effective procedure for the treatment of chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), addressing the root causes of acid reflux while minimizing common side effects associated with traditional surgical approaches...

H. Pylori Screening After Acute MI: HELP-MI SWEDEHEART Trial

The HELP-MI SWEDEHEART trial was a large, nationwide, cluster-randomized crossover study conducted across 35 hospitals in Sweden to evaluate whether routine screening for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in patients hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction (MI)...

Autoimmune Gastritis related NET and Gut Microbitoa- Osaka Study

The Osaka Metropolitan University study explored the relationship between autoimmune gastritis (AIG) and the development of gastric neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), focusing on the role of gut microbiota and metabolic changes. AIG is a chronic autoimmune...

Nonpharmacologic interventions for GERD

Nonpharmacologic interventions for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) refer to therapeutic approaches that do not rely on medications but aim to improve symptoms, enhance lower esophageal sphincter (LES) function, and reduce esophageal acid exposure. These interventions...

Bleeding risk , Blood thinners and Esophageal dilation

Esophageal dilation is a procedure used to widen a narrowed esophagus, often performed using tools such as balloon dilators or Savary dilators. While the procedure itself is generally considered low risk, the bleeding risk can...

VOYAGE trial

The VOYAGE trial was a phase 2 clinical study designed to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of etrasimod, an investigational oral therapy, in adults with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). Below is a detailed summary of...

Retrograde Cricopharyngeal Dysfunction (R-CPD)

Retrograde Cricopharyngeal Dysfunction (R-CPD) is a medical condition that prevents individuals from burping due to the inability of the cricopharyngeal muscle (located in the upper esophageal sphincter) to relax and release trapped air. This condition...

Sucrose vs Sucralose – Appetite stimulation

The study highlights key differences between sucrose (table sugar) and sucralose (a common artificial sweetener) in terms of their effects on appetite and brain activity: Sucrose (Sugar): Appetite Suppression: Sucrose consumption was associated with lower...